The Mekong River is the third largest river in Asia, originating in the Tibetan Plateau and running through China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. Millions of people rely on the river for transport, fishing, agriculture, and more recently hydropower. Protecting this water and promoting collaborative sustainable use of the river is vital to the peace and prosperity of the region.
The Mekong River Commission Secretariat (MRCS) is an intergovernmental organization that is tasked with providing the basin’s four countries – Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam — with information to sustainably manage and share critical water resources. To do this effectively one needs dialogue and cooperation, and a lot of data and information to support the analysis for balancing protection and development.
Value of Historic Data
MRC's collection of data can be traced back to the 1950s, with scientists and researchers going into the field and measuring, recording, and cataloging information. Today MRC collects data from more than 600 stations including:
- 73 automated telemetry hydro-meteorological stations;
- 139 traditional stations for rainfall or water level monitoring;
- 48 water quality sampling stations;
- 41 active ecology health sampling sites; and
- Over 100 fisheries monitoring sites.
Prior to 2016, this data was collected in excel spreadsheets, which made it difficult to work with and was limiting when it came to sharing meaningful outcomes. With the addition of sensors, MRC was capturing more data and was still receiving manual entry data from its member countries. Turning massive amounts of raw data into usable information requires modern data management software.
“We recognized the need to centralize our data so that we could run quality assurances across the board and then turn this data into meaningful actionable insights that are easily accessible for all stakeholders in a timely manner," said Soukaseum Phichit, Information System & Database Specialist, of the Mekong River Commission Secretariat. "This is way beyond the limits of spreadsheets and manual entry.”
MRCS chose Aquarius Time Series, an analytics software program that is used by monitoring agencies around the world to acquire, process, model, and publish data in real time. This would allow the four member countries to have access to the same data when they need it and further share the outcomes with other nations that are impacted by the Mekong River.
Monitoring the Health of the River
As the population in the area increases so does the need for more food sourced from the river and water to irrigate the farms. As development expands, valuable wetlands shrink and the whole ecology of the river is affected.
MRC monitors the health of the river for fisheries and collects water quality data to identify potential contaminants. The software gives MRC flexibility to measure water velocity, turbidity, carbon dioxide, photosynthetic light, and chlorophyll levels. The information provides the basis for constructive discussion between river communities and governments on the implications of water usage and infrastructure developments.
All of the Mekong Basins' discrete data on water, air, soil, and biology are securely stored and validated in the Aquarius platform for rapid analysis and visualization. The software makes it easy to integrate data from different sources, such as rainfall and stream loggers as well as weather data. It also included integrating data from upstream partners like China. This transboundary lens on data analysis allows communities at one location of the river to better understand water trends occurring at another.
Flood & Drought Management
The region is known for extreme seasonal variations causing flooding and drought. A major increase in flow can cause rapids in the river making navigation difficult. The MRC data and information service portal can automatically inform authorities of rapid changes in flow levels outside of any set parameters, enabling authorities to warn the public and water traffic, and to prepare emergency services if necessary.
Climate change is amplifying the need for better forecasting of floods and drought. Using data with Aquarius Time-Series data management, users can investigate various climate parameters, such as rainfall and mean temperatures on an interactive map to assess the impacts of changing weather.
Quality Data Assures Reliability
Having reliable data is essential, especially when four countries are entering into water usage agreements. Aquarius has a portfolio of capabilities for error detection, data cleansing and flagging, automatic bias corrections, and rating shift management.
These automated procedures eliminate the majority of tedious manual data workup processes. By automating quality assurance and quality control activities, MRC can be confident that the information they are sharing is clean and without bias.
“We have made considerable investments to improve our information system with easy-to-use assessment, modeling and forecasting tools so that our member countries can be assured that they have accurate, reliable, and timely data, as well as historical information to make evidence-based decisions,” said Winai Wangpimool, director of technical support division management of MRCS.
Data that is Easy To Organize & Visualize
The MRC Data Portal allows users to search, discover, and download more than 10,000 datasets, including current and historical hydro-meteorological and climate time-series, spatial maps, atlases, photographs, and sectorial datasets that can be easily searched and filtered.
For example, visitors can view daily or weekly water levels at various hydrology stations along the Mekong on an interactive map and examine weekly flood situation reports from 2008 onwards on the flood forecasting sites.
“Having all our information securely stored and available online provides us with the opportunity to collaborate with other research institutions and organizations, further deepening our understanding of impacts on the region's hydrological and ecological conditions,” said Dr. Sarann Ly, chief hydrologist of the MRCS.
The new Aquarius platform has strengthened MRC’s role as the regional transboundary knowledge hub. They now have one voice for one river, allowing researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to access quality assured scientific data and information, and easily monitor and understand the current trends of the Mekong River Basin.
