After more than a decade of study, one U.S. municipality discovered a large discrepancy in the cost of operation for its two primary types of systems—aboveground and submersible pump stations. The aboveground systems offered actual cost savings of more than $2,700 per station per year ($400,000 over the course of the study) because of their ease of access and dependability. This whitepaper explores the many components that go into total cost of ownership for pump stations.